1.Yintoni i-Antenna?
Njengoko sonke sisazi, kukho zonke iintlobo ze-wizixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenamsebenzikubomi bethu, njenge-drone video downlink,ikhonkco engenazingcingo yerobhothi, inkqubo yomnatha wedijithalikwaye ezi nkqubo zosasazo zikanomathotholo zisebenzisa amaza erediyo ukusasaza ulwazi olungenazingcingo olufana nevidiyo, ilizwi kunye nedatha.I-eriyali sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukukhanya nokwamkela amaza erediyo.
2.I-Antenna bandwidth
Xa i-frequency yokusebenza ye-eriyali itshintsha, iqondo lokutshintsha kweeparameters zombane ezifanelekileyo ze-eriyali ziphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo.Uluhlu lwefrikhwensi oluvumelekileyo ngeli xesha bububanzi bebhendi ye-eriyali, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-bandwidth.Nayiphi na i-eriyali ine-bandwidth ethile yokusebenza, kwaye ayinayo impembelelo ehambelanayo ngaphandle kwebhendi yefrikhwensi.
I-bandwidth epheleleyo: ABW=fmax - fmin
I-bandwidth ehambelanayo: FBW=(fmax - fmin)/f0×100%
f0=1/2(fmax + fmin) liziko lokuphindaphinda
Xa i-eriyali isebenza kumbindi we-frequency, umlinganiselo wamaza omileyo ngowona umncinci kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokona kuphezulu.
Ke ngoko, ifomyula ye-bandwidth ehambelanayo idla ngokuchazwa ngolu hlobo: FBW=2(fmax- fmin)/(fmax+ fmin)
Ngenxa yokuba i-eriyali bandwidth luluhlu lwefrikhwensi yokusebenza apho enye okanye ezinye zeeparamitha zombane ze-eriyali zihlangabezana neemfuno, iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zombane zinokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ububanzi bebhendi yombane.Ngokomzekelo, ububanzi bebhendi yefrikhwensi ehambelana nobubanzi be-lobe ye-3dB (ububanzi be-lobe bubhekiselele kwi-engile phakathi kwamanqaku amabini apho ubukhulu be-radiation buhla nge-3dB, oko kukuthi, ubuninzi bamandla buhla ngesiqingatha, kumacala omabini olona lwalathiso luphezulu lwemitha. yeyona ndawo iphambili), kunye nobubanzi bebhendi yokuma apho umlinganiselo wamaza omileyo udibana neemfuno ezithile.Phakathi kwazo, eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-bandwidth elinganiswa ngumlinganiselo wamaza omileyo.
3.Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusebenza rhoqo kunye nobukhulu be-eriyali
Kwindawo efanayo, isantya sokusasaza samaza e-electromagnetic siqinisekile (ilingana nesantya sokukhanya kwi-vacuum, ebhalwe njenge-c≈3 × 108m / s).Ngokuka-c=λf, kunokubonwa ukuba ubude bezakuza buyachasana nobuninzi bexesha, kwaye ezi zimbini kuphela kobudlelwane obuhambelanayo.
Ubude be-eriyali buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobude be-wavelength kwaye ngokuphambeneyo buhambelana nobuninzi.Oko kukuthi, ukuphakama kwe-frequency, imfutshane ubude be-waveleng, kunye ne-eriyali emfutshane inokwenziwa.Ewe kunjalo, ubude be-eriyali buqhele ukungalingani nobude bendawo enye, kodwa budla ngokuba yi-1/4 yamaza okanye i-1/2 yamaza amaza (ngokukodwa ubude bezakuza ezihambelana nezandi zokusebenza ezisembindini ziyasetyenziswa).Kuba xa ubude bomqhubi buyi-integer ephinda-phindayo ye-1/4 yewavelength, umqhubi ubonisa iimpawu ze-resonance kubuninzi bobude bobude bamaza.Xa ubude be-conductor buyi-1/4 ubude be-wavelength, buneempawu ze-resonance series, kwaye xa ubude bomqhubi buyi-1/2 ubude, buneempawu ze-resonance ezihambelanayo.Kule meko ye-resonance, i-eriyali ikhanya ngamandla kwaye ugqithiso kunye nolwamkelo loguqulo olusebenzayo luphezulu.Nangona i-radiation ye-oscillator idlula i-1/2 yobude be-wavelength, i-radiation iya kuqhubeka iphuculwa, kodwa i-radiation ye-anti-phase ye-radiation engaphezulu iya kuvelisa umphumo wokurhoxisa, ngoko ke umphumo we-radiation uphazamiseka.Ke ngoko, ii-eriyali eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iyunithi yobude be-oscillator ye-1/4 ye-wavelength okanye i-1/2 ye-wavelength.Phakathi kwazo, i-antenna ye-1/4-wavelength ikakhulu isebenzisa umhlaba njengesipili endaweni ye-antenna yesiqingatha-amaza.
I-antenna ye-1/4 ye-wavelength inokufezekisa umlinganiselo wokuma wamaza ofanelekileyo kunye nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa ngokulungelelanisa uluhlu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, inokugcina indawo yokufaka.Nangona kunjalo, ii-eriyali zobude zihlala zinenzuzo ephantsi kwaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezithile zothumelo lwenzuzo ephezulu.Kule meko, ii-antenna ze-1/2-wavelength zihlala zisetyenziswa.
Ukongeza, kubonakalisiwe kwithiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa ukuba uluhlu lwamaza angama-5/8 (obu bude busondele kwi-1/2 yamaza kodwa inemitha eyomeleleyo kune-1/2 yamaza amaza) okanye i-5/8 ye-wavelength yokulayisha uluhlu olufutshane (kukho Ikhoyili yokulayisha kwisiqingatha somgama wobude ukusuka phezulu kwi-eriyali) isenokwenziwa okanye ikhethelwe ukufumana i-eriyali enexabiso eliphezulu nephezulu.
Inokubonwa ukuba xa sisazi ukusebenza rhoqo kwe-eriyali, singakwazi ukubala ubude be-antenna ehambelanayo, kwaye emva koko idityaniswe nethiyori yokuhambisa umgca, iimeko zokufakela indawo kunye neemfuno zokufumana ukuhanjiswa, singakwazi malunga nobude obufanelekileyo be-eriyali efunekayo. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-13-2023
